> divide ( 2, 1 ) result is 2 executing finally clause > divide ( 2, 0 ) division by zero! executing finally clause > divide ( "2", "1" ) executing finally clause Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 3, in divide TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str' Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 3, in divide TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'Īs you can see, the finally clause is executed in any event. To create specific exception classes for different error conditions: To create a base class for exceptions defined by that module, and subclass that WhenĬreating a module that can raise several distinct errors, a common practice is Information about the error to be extracted by handlers for the exception. Replaces the default behavior of creating the args attribute.Įxception classes can be defined which do anything any other class can do, butĪre usually kept simple, often only offering a number of attributes that allow The new behavior simply creates the value attribute. In this example, the default _init_() of Exception has been My exception occurred, value: 4 > raise MyError ( 'oops!' ) Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 1, in ? _main_.MyError: 'oops!' Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 1, in ? _main_.MyError: 'oops!'
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print 'My exception occurred, value:', e. Name multiple exceptions as a parenthesized tuple, for example: In other handlers of the same try statement. Handlers only handle exceptions that occur in the corresponding try clause, not
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If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the exceptĬlause, it is passed on to outer try statements if no handler isįound, it is an unhandled exception and execution stops with a message asĪ try statement may have more than one except clause, to specify.Then if its type matches the exception named after theĮxcept keyword, the except clause is executed, and then execution
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The preceding part of the error message shows the context where the exception The rest of the line provides detail based on the type of exception and what StandardĮxception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved keywords). This is true for all built-in exceptions, but need not be trueįor user-defined exceptions (although it is a useful convention). The string printed as the exception type is the name of the built-in exception The example are ZeroDivisionError, NameError and TypeError. Exceptions come inĭifferent types, and the type is printed as part of the message: the types in The last line of the error message indicates what happened. 10 * ( 1 / 0 ) Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 1, in ? ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero > 4 + spam * 3 Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 1, in ? NameError: name 'spam' is not defined > '2' + 2 Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 1, in ? TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects Traceback (most recent call last):įile "", line 1, in ? TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects